When does breach not lead to violation? A dual perspective of psychological contract in hotels in times of crisis

Implicit psychological contract (PC) represents the dynamic employee-employer relationship, and unlike explicit human resource (HR) practices, PC is an underexplored topic in the crisis management literature. By capturing the dual perspective of hotel employers and employees through interviews, this study investigates the content of PCs and breaches of PCs during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The study identifies salient dimensions of employer obligations such as safety assurance and of employee obligations such as personal protection. While employees emphasized the transactional contracts to protect their individual interests, the employers tried to balance the transactional and relational contracts. The study proposes a dynamic PC breach model that indicates contract breaches lead to varied responses through a complex interpretation process. In general, the study suggests that ensuring mutual consideration is the best way for hotel employees and employers to pull through a crisis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Extreme spillovers between insurance tokens and insurance stocks: Evidence from the quantile connectedness approach

This study examines potential tail spillovers between insurance tokens and conventional stocks using the quantile connectedness approach by Ando et al. (2018).  In particular, this study explores static and dynamic spillovers at lower and upper tails of the return distribution. In line with previous studies, tokens and conventional stocks within the insurance market may show positive but low connectedness levels. Furthermore, our findings confirm a higher sensitivity of the insurance system at both tails of the distribution in comparison with the median (Q = 0.50). As expected, dynamic connectedness measures change over time, intensifying at the extremes of the distribution. This finding is confirmed by the robustness test that consists of analyzing the RTD (Relative Tail Dependence) measure, as we reject the symmetric response, since its values are clearly different from zero in most of the sample period. These results are of interest to portfolio managers, as the findings will allow them to suggest adjustments to investment portfolios according to the evolution of the dynamic spillovers found.

Primary preservice teachers' exploration of possible selves through narrated metaphors during the COVID-19 pandemic

This study examines how primary-level preservice teachers (PSTs) in an online asynchronous course (co-)constructed and (re)negotiated their professional identities through the use of metaphors in online asynchronous courses in the U.S. By using metaphors and narrating their lived experiences in relation to their chosen metaphors, participants expressed their desired and feared identities. Their metaphorical expression of identities reflects the complex interplay between participants' construction of their possible selves within the temporal, social, and spatial context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Individual and collaborative metaphor-based reflections provided a reflective space for PSTs to explore professional becoming and future possibilities at the interface between their sense of agency and their situated temporal, spatial, and social context, even within asynchronous online teacher education courses during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Research Papers in Education is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

The COVID-19 pandemic and the European Union: politics, policies and institutions

The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges to the European Union (EU) and its member states. In the EU, health policy competence has been and remains largely with member states. However, faced with a major external crisis, which more or less affected all member states at the same time, the EU developed a framework within which the member states (and their subnational units) could respond together to the crisis. This introductory article to the Special Issue 'The COVID-19 Pandemic and the European Union,' briefly examines how EU institutions, policies and politics were affected by the crisis. Contrary to earlier crises, the EU responded speedily and effectively this time around. The EU has become increasingly important in crisis management, in part due to the nature of transboundary crises. The EU proved itself to be a good crisis manager on some dimensions, but certainly not on all. The crisis created momentum for collective action and for fast decision-making, even though the legitimacy of some these actions has been subject to limited public scrutiny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of European Public Policy is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Learning from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications from Governance Capacity and Legitimacy

This paper examines the crisis management learning by the Norwegian government after the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on types of learning based on the concepts of governance capacity and legitimacy. Using unique interview data with 36 elite administrative and political executives in Norway, the study finds varied learning by the involved actors, and most learning about coordination between ministries and agencies, which are amplified by the lack of knowledge related to analytical capacity. The study contributes to advance the analytical understanding of crisis management learning and provides insight into what a high performing government in the pandemic attempts to learn. © 2023, The Author(s).

SAFETY CHALLENGES AND CRISIS COMMUNICATION IN HUNGARIAN BUSINESS HOTELS DURING COVID-19

The aim of the study is to examine the means used by 4-star domestic business hotels to motivate tourists to visit during the coronavirus epidemic, to carry out an investigation of these hotels' attempts to preserve their image and to ascertain their main safety messages before, during and after the crises. In the framework of the empirical research, in-depth interviews were conducted with the staff responsible for crisis communication in the examined hotels;as a supplementary investigation, the authors also reviewed their Facebook pages and websites as crisis communication interfaces. The coronavirus epidemic did not negatively affect the image of hotels, and its preservation was achieved through communication and participation in movements. After the pandemic, safety became the main topic;the most important messages are that the guest is safe in the hotel, the regulations are followed, hygiene is taken care of, and the guest can count on them. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] A tanulmány célja annak vizsgálata, hogy a hazai négycsillagos üzleti szállodák a koronavírus-járvány első két hulláma alatt milyen eszközökkel motiválták a turistákat látogatásra, mit tettek ebben az időszakban az imázs megőrzése érdekében, illetve mi a fő üzenetük a biztonság vonatkozásában a krízis előtt, közben és után. Az empirikus kutatás keretében a szerzők mélyinterjúkat készítettek a vizsgált szállodák kríziskommunikációért felelős munkatársaival, kiegészítő kutatásként egy kvantitatív és kvalitatív tartalomelemzés során a Facebook-oldalakat és weboldalakat mint kríziskommunikációs felületeket nézték át. A vizsgált szállodák különböző eszközökkel ösztönözték az üzleti utazókat foglalásra. A koronavírus-járvány nem érintette negatívan a szállodák imázsát, ennek megőrzését folyamatos kommunikációval és mozgalmakban való részvétellel kívánták elérni. A vizsgált szállodák kommunikációjában jelentős változások történtek. A pandémia megjelenését követően a biztonság lett a fő témakör, a legfontosabb üzenet, hogy a vendég biztonságban van a szállodában, betartják a szabályokat, odafigyelnek a tisztaságra és higiéniára, illetve a szálloda nyitva van és a vendég számíthat rájuk. (Hungarian) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review is the property of Corvinus University of Budapest and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Comparison of the Impacts of the Financial Crisis and the Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis on Selected Financial Indicator of Construction Companies

In the past, there have been several major and minor economic crises in global society. The financial crisis in 2008 was one of the biggest economic crises since the Great Depression in 1928. The crisis was a direct result of the decline in liquidity in global financial markets that arose in the United States as a result of the collapse of the US housing market. The Covid-19 pandemic crisis stunned all aspects of society and saw dramatic effects on society's socio-economic spectrum. The paper analyzes the effects of selected crises on the profitability of sales. The research analyzed data from companies that belong to the TOP 100 construction companies operating in Slovakia and their activities began before 2008. The data used in the survey were obtained from the annual reports of selected companies and publicly available economic portals. The aim of the paper is to compare the profitability of sales and results of selected construction companies in three periods, namely during the financial crisis in 2008, in 2014, which can be specified as a transitional period, or the market stabilized after the financial crisis and the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The survey will result in conclusions and future recommendations that will help eliminate the adverse effects of future crises on the activities of construction companies. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Parents' attitudes towards distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic

In this article we consider the applicability of distance education on the elementary level from parents' perspectives and present the limitations stemming from the degree of support that students in elementary education need from their parents. The dilemmas regarding the possible levels of students' development of independence and self-orientation, and the parents' roles are highlighted. We believe that due to these limitations, distance learning has some of the characteristics of home-schooling. The subject of the research in the empirical part of this study focused on parents' attitudes. Parental attitudes, based on a previously established multi-factor model, become clear from the parents' experiences (Kolak, Markić & Horvat, 2020) where factors regarding the demands of teaching and the competence of parents as substitute teachers, were separated. Parents' characteristics (e.g., gender, age, educational status and involvement) were found to influence their attitudes. The results of the research indicate the importance of parents in distance learning during the pandemic which adds a new and more significant role in the educational process of their children. © 2022, South African Journal Of Education. All rights reserved.

Origin, Transmission and Spread of COVID-19: Lessons for Future

At the end of 2019, a novel Corona virus was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, a city in the Hubei Province of China, which has been declared pandemic globally. As a result of which most parts of the worlds were under complete lockdown in order to curb this contagious disease. The pandemic COVID-19 which started from the Wuhan province of China has now spread globally effecting about 6 million people. The world has faced such a pandemic after Spanish Flu of 1918 which affected about 500 million people worldwide. This pandemic has had huge impacts in terms of health, economic, social, cultural life of nearly every individual. Vulnerable groups mainly migrant workers, marginalized women;children have faced magnanimous crises due to this pandemic which is still rising, physically as well as mentally. Considering the data as on 1st of July 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that covid-19 has infected 9,277,214 people and claimed 478,691 lives globally;nearly 216 countries have been affected so far by this deadly virus. According to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, COVID-19 has 186,514 active cases and has claimed 14,894 lives (July 1, 2020). To curb the spread of virus, the government of India announced lockdown on country wide basic for a period of 21 days which was further extended to May 31st 20. Objective: In order to gear toward of the spread of this pandemic, we must explore its virology, zoonotics, and epidemiology to develop an understanding of the transmission of the disease. The structure of the receptor-binding gene region is very similar to that of the SARS corona virus, and the virus has been shown to use the same receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), for cell entry. The International Committee on taxonomy of viruses has proposed that this virus be designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It comes from the same family of virus i.e. corona viruse that caused SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) pandemic in 2002 and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) in 2012 and effected a large number of people but not at the level which this SARS-CoV-2 has affected. Full-genome sequencing and phylogenic analysis indicated that the virus causing COVID-19 is a betacoronavirus in the same subgenus as the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus (as well as several bat corona viruses), but in a different clade. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), delineated incubation period of COVID-19 as approximately 5.1 days (range 2-14 days) and thus, quarantine period for COVID-19 is set by WHO at 14 days. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemics in association with economic catastrophes are posing huge challenges, raising many challenges including wrenching trade-offs. Crises are global, but their impacts are deeply local affecting every individual. The policy response to this plight needs to be rapid, even if it is rough around the edges. All it requires is universal solidarity, coordination and cooperation among nations all across globe. © 2023 DMICS.

"Sanitary measures, social distancing, safety”: The evolution of Swiss hoteliers' Covid-19 communication through three snapshots

Since the first reports of the Covid-19 virus in December 2019, the tourism industry has struggled to find solutions to this unprecedented crisis. During crises, organizational learning can develop crisis management and communication skills while enhancing organizational resilience in coping with crises. This research examines whether organizational learning for communicating during crises occurred in the Swiss hotel industry in the past 2 years. By tracking and visualizing the messages communicated by Swiss hotels on their websites, this study analyzes the communication strategies employed by hoteliers over the past 20 months through thematic analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and Situational Crisis Communication (SCCT) strategies. The results of this study identified the evolution of communication strategies over time. Specifically, ingratiation, corrective action, transferring, victimization, and justification are the five key strategies. This study also visualizes the crisis responses in concept maps in three snapshots (June 2020, June 2021, and February 2022). The concepts and colors of the visualization provide a different perspective on the evolution of crisis communication over the past 2 years. This study contributes to academia and practitioners by demonstrating the evolution of crisis communication messages through both the granular analysis of SCCT strategies and the bird's-eye view of themes and concepts. © The Author(s) 2023.

Analysis of the dynamic return and volatility connectedness for non-ferrous industrial metals during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the dynamic return and volatility connectedness for six major industrial metals (tin, lead, nickel, zinc, copper and aluminium) and the coronavirus media coverage index (MCI).Design/methodology/approachTo that purpose, this study applies the fresh time-varying parameter vector autoregression methodology (TVP–VAR model) during the sample period between 2 January, 2020, and 16 April, 2021, that is, covering the three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.FindingsThis study's results show interesting findings. First, dynamic total return and volatility connectedness changes over time, highlighting a significant increase during the third wave of the pandemic. Second, the MCI index is a leading net transmitter in terms of return and volatility at the introduction of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus crisis. Third, this study clearly distinguishes two profiles among industrial metals: copper and tin/zinc as net transmitters and lead and aluminium as net receivers. Finally, the most relevant differences between them are concentrated not only at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (first wave) but also during the second and third waves of the coronavirus outbreak.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first research that explores the dynamic return and volatility connectedness in the industrial metal market, applying the TVP–VAR methodology during the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Performance of Indonesian MSME with Innovation as Mediation

This paper investigates how the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis affects the innovation of Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) in Indonesia and how innovation, namely product, process, marketing, and organizational innovation, acts as a mediator for MSME performance. An integrated conceptual framework is developed and empirically tested using cross-sectional survey design data from 300 MSME owners in Indonesia. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) software Smart PLS examines the hypotheses testing. Descriptive analysis is also used to provide demographic data of the owners of MSMEs in Indonesia. This study reveals that the COVID-19 pandemic crisis significantly and positively impacts four dimensions of innovation. The results indicate that the pandemic triggered the MSME owners to innovate or adapt. This study also found that four dimensions of innovation partially mediate the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and MSME performance relationship. The results show that product, marketing, and organizational innovation significantly impact MSME performance. With marketing innovation as the lowest innovation dimension that affects performance, and organizational innovation as a major contributor that significantly impacts MSME performance. However, the results also demonstrate that among the four dimensions of innovation, process innovation does not significantly impact MSME performance which is highlighted by an indicator such as reducing production cost. This shows that reducing production costs is optional and does not mean that the performance of MSME will increase significantly. Therefore, the findings of this study are set to advance theories in MSME innovation and performance. It also presents important implications for the MSME owners to develop a successful and sustainable MSME industry. © 2023 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.

From Race Crisis to Race Celebration: Online Body Politics and the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theateri

Throughout the history of the United States, there have been many critical times associated with racism. When other forms of crisis overlap the existing ones - as the Covid-19 pandemic - even more challenges appear, calling for a more complex artistic response. The Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater is well known across the United States and the world not only through their innovative ballet style (which builds on classical choreography and enriches it with creatively processed blues, jazz, and Afro-Caribbean tones), but also through what Thomas F. DeFrantz calls Alvin Ailey's "embodiment of African American culture"in the subtitle of his book (Dancing Revelations, 2004). This essay looks at Ailey Theater's politics of the dancing body, with a focus on recent productions included in the Ailey All Access online project, meant to replace a Fall 2021 United States tour that could not take place because of the pandemic. I will argue that the company's choreographic overcoming and even beautifying sorrow through dance expands Ailey's healing narrative about African American history to the Covid-19 pandemic. Their recent projects propose a desirable post-racist world, in which those who have been through much sorrow can support those who have been through less, and thus promote a politics of human togetherness, hope, and reconstruction. © 2022 Maria-Sabina Draga Alexandru, published by Sciendo.

Crisis Management in a Federation – Cybernetic Lessons from a Pandemic

We aim to contribute to improving the management of pandemic crises. Our focus is on federal systems, as these are particularly powerful in dealing with environmental complexity. Through five waves of the pandemic, spanning a year and a half, we study the management of the crisis in the Swiss Federation. The purpose of this research is learning for how to deal with crises of the same type in the future. We apply the Viable System Model (VSM) as a framework for our inquiry, elaborating a diagnosis and a design for the management of epidemic or pandemic crises. The VSM is a conceptual tool that is particularly strong for analyzing federal systems. Hence substantial insights have surfaced to orientate a future crisis management. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Can crisis management teams mitigate COVID-19's effects? A comparative case study between China and the United States

The COVID-19 pandemic has been the world's greatest challenge since World War II. As an unprecedented global public health crisis, crisis management teams (CMTs) in the infected countries need to rethink to cope with the similar uncertainty and urgency of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The shared context of COVID-19 allows us to explore a cross-nation study of different constructs and CMT to communicate information about crises with the public effectively. Since the pandemic affected all countries, the comparison is warranted. Can CMTs mitigate the effects of COVID-19? Based on the analysis of China and the US cases, our study explores how shared and common knowledge cognition among crisis responders plays a pivotal role in effective CMTs' communication while technological failures and inadequate information disrupt the system, worsening pandemics like COVID-19. Furthermore, organizational dysfunction, such as institutional fragmentation, regulatory hurdles and bureaucratic arrogance, impede effective communication between CMTs. However, effective coordination and decisive leadership could improve coordination effectiveness and reduce crisis costs. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Using Body Maps to Understand Elementary Teacher Candidates' Embodied Understanding of Care Related to Intersectional Marginalization during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Teacher educators need to thoroughly understand of teacher candidates' (TCs) experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to support TCs' development and practice of care in the post-pandemic era. Here, I examine how TCs identified body discourses, and examine how those TCs understood and enacted critically oriented caring practices during the pandemic in online asynchronous courses in the Southeastern U.S. I used body mapping as a pedagogical tool for TCs to identify, critically reflect on, and respond to body discourses that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic in their process of understanding and enacting caring practices. I find that TCs conceptualized their care toward students, families, and colleagues in three overlapping yet distinct ways: (a) care as a motherly presence;(b) care as relational work;and (c) care as the promotion of critical consciousness. This study contributes to current teacher education scholarship by showing that a deeper understanding of TC's embodied experiences is critical for supporting TCs' understanding and practice of care. In addition, this work highlights how body mapping activities can be used in practice, in order to scaffold teachers' critically oriented care work. © 2022 Association of Teacher Educators.

Connectedness between Defi assets and equity markets during COVID-19: A sector analysis.

This paper explores the dynamic connectedness between Defi assets and sector stock markets focused around the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. For that aim, this research applies the TVP-VAR model, and it also computes the optimal weights and hedge ratios for the Defi assets-sector equity portfolios using the DCC-GARCH model. Our main findings reveal that static connectedness is slightly economy- and sector-dependent. Regarding the dynamic connectedness, as expected, the total spillover index changes over time, showing a cruel impact of the global pandemic declaration. Net spillover indices show relevant differences between the Defi assets and certain sectors (net receivers) and sectors such as industrials, materials and information technology (time-varying net transmitters). Finally, the optimal hedge ratios reveal similar levels of coverage in all the periods analyzed, with slight upturns in the cost of such coverage in the crisis period caused by COVID-19.

Investigating predictors of medical students' intentions to engagement in volunteering during the health crisis

PurposeThe purpose of the present paper is to investigate Algerian medical students' intention to participate in volunteer work during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopted an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) framework by integrating the constructs of personal moral norms and perceived risk of COVID-19 and followed a self-administered questionnaire survey to collect data among a convenience sample of medical students (n = 267) in five Algerian universities. The data obtained were analyzed through a hierarchical multiple regression process in which three models were considered.FindingsFindings of this study show that attitude toward volunteering, perceived behavior control (PBC), personal moral norm and subjective norm significantly and positively predicted medical students' intention to engage in volunteer work during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, students' perceived risk of COVID-19 significantly and negatively predicted students' intention to participate in volunteer activities. Moreover, the authors' analyses showed that the extended TPB model explained 75.1% of the variance of intention.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study have implications for understanding medical students' volunteer behavior during health crises. Some implications are provided for the crisis and emergency managers of hospitals and policymakers to attract and recruit enough medical students' volunteers for future waves of COVID-19 or other similar health crises.Originality/valueThis is the first paper from Algeria and one of the few from Africa that identifies predictors of intentions to participate in volunteer activities among medical students.

THE SOCIAL VULNERABILITIES OF SCIENCE AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC CRISIS

According to the traditional image of science, if its achievements are reliable, then they will be communicated successfully and the public will trust in their applicability to solve practical problems. The new perspective on science as "socially robust knowledge” (Gibbons, 1999) is based on two other necessary conditions of knowledge production, namely, transparency and public participation. But the recent Covid-19 pandemic crisis has shown that the institutional weaknesses of the relationship between science and society generates an equally endemic mistrust. Should we go back to "hero-ic science” and the ‘"magic of science” to regain trust? Or the pandemic crisis just high-lighted that the death of expertise (Nichols, 2017) is inevitable in the public space?. © 2022, Polish Academy of Sciences - Institute of Philosophy and Sociology. All rights reserved.

COVID-19 Impact on Ethanol Sales in Fuel Stations: An ITS Econometric Analysis

This paper provides estimates of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Brazilian Ethanol sales. To this end, weekly data on Ethanol sales volumes are analyzed through an ITS SARIMA model and a counterfactual analysis covering the 2019–2020. We find that the real effect of COVID-19 was a reduction above 77.97% in Brazil after the first COVID-19 death, in March 2020, and still a decrease of about 50.15% at the end of 2020. The empirical evidence confirms that the impact of the pandemic crisis, the counterfactual analysis allows estimating the real effect of COVID-19 is on average 3.76% greater than the observed against an index date reference. These results suggest that ethanol sales in Brazil were more affected than only when comparing previous results to the effects of the pandemic. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.